Differentiate heat exhaustion from heat stroke and summarize immediate management steps.

• A. Heat exhaustion: dehydration with fatigue, dizziness, sweating; heat stroke: core temperature ≥40°C with CNS dysfunction; management: move to cool environment, remove excess clothing, hydrate; if heat stroke, call emergency services and initiate rapid cooling (ice water immersion) until core temp ~38-39°C.
• B. Heat exhaustion and heat stroke are the same; management: hydration.
• C. Heat exhaustion is high fever; heat stroke is sweating.
• D. Heat stroke should be treated with warming measures.

Answer: (A)

Differentiating heat exhaustion from heat stroke and knowing immediate management centers on how the body's cooling system is functioning. Heat exhaustion happens when dehydration and electrolyte loss impair tolerance to heat, leading to symptoms like fatigue, dizziness, weakness, and sweating. Heat stroke, by contrast, is a medical emergency in which thermoregulation fails, causing a core temperature of about 40°C (104°F) or higher with signs of central nervous system dysfunction such as confusion, agitation, seizures, or loss of consciousness.

Immediate steps reflect how urgent the situation is. For heat exhaustion, move the person to a cool, shaded area, remove excess clothing, and provide fluids with electrolytes to rehydrate while monitoring for worsening symptoms. For heat stroke, call emergency services right away and start rapid cooling immediately—ice water immersion is ideal if available, or apply cold packs to the neck, armpits, and groin and use fans while continuing cooling until the core temperature drops to around 38–39°C. Do not delay cooling to reassess or perform tests, and ensure airway and circulation support as needed. The presence of CNS symptoms and the very high core temperature are what separate heat stroke from heat exhaustion and drive the need for rapid, aggressive cooling.